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Products from Bruno Bock, Germany Product list
Products from Evans Chemetics, USA Product list
Products from Dr. H Schmittmann GmbH, Germany Product list

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Products from Bruno Bock, Germany

The most prominent range is represented by THIOGLYCOLIC ACID, (Mercaptoacetic acid) THIOLACTIC ACID (2-mercaptopropionic acid), 3-Mercapto-Propionic Acid, Thiodiglycolic Acid and their derivatives. Thioglycolates and Thiolactates are active ingredients for Cold Wave formulations (PERMS), Hair Straighteners and depilatories. Thioglycolic Acid and its alkali salts e.g. Sodium Thioglycolate are also used for dehairing animal hides and for leather taining.

Esters of Thioglycolic Acid and 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid are basic materials for the synthesis of PVC Stabilisers. (Organo Tin Stabilisers). iso-Octyl Thioglycolate and 2-Ethylhexyl Thioglycolate are the most commonly used Thioglycolates for the manufacture of PVC Stabilisers. The mercapto group may also undergo condensation reactions and additions onto Olefinic double bonds. Beside the main use for the manufacture of Organotin Stabilisers, iso-Octyl Thioglycolate and 2-Ethylhexyl

Thioglycolate are used as Cross-linking agents for Polymethacrylates to adjust the degree of polymerisation.

THIODIGLYCOLIC ACID and its derivatives are suitable for Antioxidants for Polyolefins, & Additive for Electroplating.

THIODIGLYCOLIC ACID ESTERS are low temperature Plasticizers for Synthetic/Nitrile Rubber & Chloroprene and as intermediates for various organic syntheses. Di-n-BUTYL-METHYLENE-bis-THIOGLYCOLATE (MBT - ESTER) may be used as low temperature plasticizer for NITRILE RUBBER & CHLOROPRENE.

DITHIODIGLYCOLIC ACID & its ESTERS can be used in Organic Disulfide and antioxidants for LUBRICANTS.

POLYTHIOLS :

In the recent scientific and patent literature polythiols (polymercaptans) are described for various applications. Therefore they are of growing interest and there is an increasing demand for different substances from this class of compounds. The range of the polythiols can be used in different fields as described in the following examples.

The range of Polythiols can be used as Cross-linking & Chain transfer Agents for Polymethacrylates to adjust the degree of polymerisation, Acting as Chain-transfer agents, polythiols are used in the production of different polymers showing interesting properties, e.g. improved moldability, viscocity, storage stability or heat resistance. The applications of these polymers include compositions for special coatings, inks and optical devices.

Polythiols as crosslinking / curing agents often influence the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting polymers. They show for example, improved fire resistance, storage stability or flexibility. The compositions mostly are radiation or photocurable and in some cases the polythiols leads to a very fast crosslinking of the polymer.

The use of polythiols as crosslinking / Curing agents in EPOXY RESINS includes special compositions for coatings, adhesives or sealants, e.g. flame-retardants, corrosion-resistant coatings or electrically conductive transparent films. Some of these compositions are fast and volatile-free curable and show a high quality appearance.

ETHYLENEGLYCOL-di-MERCAPTOACETATE is an universal DITHIOL which is used as cross-linking agent and chain transfer agent for acrylate / methacrylate copolymers.

Polythiols can be used in unsaturated systems with natural and Butyl Rubbers and in Radiation-Curable adhesives for surface protective films.

Polythiols are needed for the preparation of SULFUR containing polymers (e.g. Polythiourethanes) for OPTICAL LENSES having a high refractive index. Their application is especially useful in the manufacture of rapidly (UV -)curable resin components for striae and bubble free lenses or peelable adhesive tapes.

Further applications of polythiols are for example their use as heat-stabilisers and antioxidants in different polymer resins, as bleaching and brightness stabilisers in mechanical pulps and as coupling agents to enhance the bonding of STEEL TO EPOXY.

Product List

Chemical Name	Applications in various Industry
Thioglycolic Acid (TGA)/Mercaptoacetic acid	COSMETICS - Depilatories, Perm, Waving Lotions/Aerosols, Hair Straighteners Manufacture of Bisphenol-A & Thioindigo dyes. PVC Stabilisers, Auxiliary materials for leather
Ammonium Thioglycolate ATG	COSMETICS-PERM Lotions/Creams/Emulsions, Hair Straighteners  TEXTILES - Auxiliary Material  ANTICORROSION - As a rust remover
Calcium Thioglycolate Trihydrate (CaTG)	COSMETICS - Depilatories
Monoethanolamine Thioglycolate (MEATG)	COSMETICS - Alkaline Foaming Perm / Waving Lotion
Potassium Thioglycolate KTG	COSMETICS - Depilatories
Sodium Thioglycolate Solution NaTG	LEATHER - Depilatories
Glyceryl Thioglycolate GMT	COSMETICS - Perms - Acid Wave formulations,  Stabilisers for hair colours
Cysteine-Thioglycolate-Concentrate  Cyst/ATG	COSMETICS - Low alkaline Perms
POLYTHIOLS / POLYMERCAPTANS
Ethyleneglycol Dimercaptoacetate, Simple GDMA	Polymer Industry
Ethyleneglycol Dimercaptoacetate, Distilled GDMA	Polymer Industry
Trimethylolpropane Trimercaptoacetate TTMA	Polymer Industry
Di-Trimethylolpropane Tetramercaptoacetate Di-TTMA	Polymer Industry
Pentaerythritol Tetramercaptoacetate PETMA	Polymer Industry
Glycol Di-3-Mercaptopropionate GD-3-MP	Polymer Industry
Trimethylolpropane Tri (3-mercaptopropionate) TT-3-MP	Polymer Industry
Tri(3-Mercaptopropionate) - Pentaerythritol PET-3-MP	Polymer Industry
Tetra(3-Mercaptopropionate) – Pentaerythritol	Polymer Industry
Trimethylolethane Trimercaptoacetate TETMA	Polymer Industry
Triethylolethane Tri-(3-mercaptopropionate) TET-3-MP	Polymer Industry
2-ETHYLHEXYL THIOGLYCOLATE 2-EHTG	PVC Stabilisers / Manufacture of Acrylic Resins
iso-OCTYL THIOGLYCOLATE	PVC Stabilisers
n-Decyl Thioglycolate	PVC Stabilisers
Lauryl Thioglycolate	PVC Stabilisers
iso-Tridecyl Thioglycolate	PVC Stabilisers
n-Tetradecyl Thioglycolate	PVC Stabilisers
Alkyl (C13/C15) Thioglycolate TGn, iso	PVC Stabilisers
Alkyl (C14/C12) Thioglycolate	PVC Stabilisers
Methylene-bis-butylthioglycolate MBT	Rubber Industry
THIODIGLYCOLIC ACID TGDA (2,2' Thiodiacetic acid)	Intermediate for Organic Synthesis,  Electroplating Additive & Antioxidant for Polyolefins
Di (2-ethylhexyl) Thiodiglycolate	Low temperature plasticizers for Nitrile Rubber & Chloroprene
Di (n-butyl) Thiodiglycolate	Intermediate
DITHIODIGLYCOLIC ACID DTGDA
Diammonium Dithiodiglycolate DADTDG	Perms
Dithiodiglycolic Esters	Antioxidants for Lubricants
THIOLACTIC ACID TLA(2-Mercaptopropionic Acid)	COSMETICS - Depilatories
Ammonium Thiolactate ATL	COSMETICS - Perms
Monoethanolamine Thiolactate MEATL	COSMETICS - Perms
Cysteine-Thiolactate Concentrate Cys/ATL	COSMETICS - Perms
3-MERCAPTO PROPIONIC ACID	Intermediate
2-Ethylhexyl 3-Mercaptopropionate	Stabilisers
iso-Octyl 3-Mercaptopropionate	Stabilisers
iso-Tridecyl 3-Mercaptopropionate	Stabilisers
Glyceryl 3-Mercaptopropionate	COSMETICS – Perms

Products from EVANS Chemetics, USA

Product List

Product Name	Abbreviation CAS#	Application
THIOGLYCOLIC ACID ( Mercaptoacetic Acid )	TGA CAS 68-11-1	Hair Perms, Polymer, Anticorrosive
Ammonium Thioglycolate	ATG CAS 5421-46-5	Hair Perms, Hair Straightener, Anticorrosive
Monoethanolamine Thioglycolate	MEATG CAS 126-97-6	Hair Perms
Monoethanolamine Sulfit	Thioset M CAS 15535-29-2	Hair Perms
Glyceryl Thioglycolate	GMT CAS 30618-84-9	Hair Perms, PVC-Heatstabilizer
THIOCURE™ GDMA Glycol Dimercaptoacetate	GDMA CAS 123-81-9	Polymer, PVC-Heatstabilizer
Iso-Octyl Thioglycolate	IOTG CAS 25103-09-7	PVC-Heatstabilizer, Polymer chain length transfer
DITHIODIGLYCOLIC ACID	DTDGA	Not as isolated product available
Diammonium Dithiodiglycolate	DADTDG CAS 68223-93-8	Hair Perms
3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID	MPA CAS 107-96-0	Bisphenol-A Co-Catalyst
n-Butyl 3-Mercaptopropionate	BuMP CAS 16215-21-7	Polymer
Iso-Octyl 3-Mercaptopropionate	IOMP CAS 30374-01-7	PVC-Heatstabilizer
EVANGARD™ 18 MP n-Octadecyl 3-Mercaptopropionate	ODMP CAS 31778-15-1	PVC-Heatstabilizer
THIOCURE™ TMPMP Trimethylolpropane Tri- 3-Mercaptopropionate	TMPMP CAS 33007-83-9	Polymer crosslinking
THIOCURE™ PETMP Pentaerythritol Tetra- 3-Mercaptopropionate	PETMP CAS 7575-23-7	Polymer crosslinking
THIODIPROPIONIC ACID	TDPA CAS 111-17-1	Intermediate
EVANSTAB™ 12 Dilauryl Thiodipropionate	DLTDP CAS 123-28-4	Antioxidant
EVANSTAB™ 13 Ditridecyl Thiodipropionate	DTTDP CAS 10595-72-9	Antioxidant
EVANSTAB™ 18 Distearyl Thiodipropionate	DSTDP CAS 693-36-7	Antioxidant
EVANSTAB™ 1218 Dilauryl/stearyl Thiodipropionate	E1218 CAS 131-03-52-1	Antioxidant
DITHIODIPROPIONIC ACID	DTDPA CAS 1119-62-6	Various (Rubber)
THIOSET™ M Ethanolamine Sulfite	THIOSET M CAS 15535-29-2	Hair Perms
EVANOL™ (fatty alcohol mix)	EVANOL various CAS#	Depilatories cream base
EVANGARD™ DTB Dithio Bis (Stearyl Propionate)	DTBSP CAS 6729-96-0	Antioxidant
Thioglycerol	TG CAS 96-27-5	Various (Pharma, Polymerisation Additive)
2-Sulfoethyl Methacrylate	SEM CAS 10595-80-9	Polymer
EVANACID™ 3CS	EVANACID CAS 99-68-3	Various
HAMPRONOL™ (Acid Chelate)	HAMPRONOL CAS 3148-72-9	Photo/Film

Products from Dr. H Schmittmann GmbH, Germany

SAPONINS :

Saponins are natural substances exhibiting a variety of common properties. They are characterised by their foaming capacity which has rendered them their name. Other typical properties are their hemolytical activity, fish toxicity, their tendency to form complexes with cholesterin, and an antibiotical activity chiefly against lower fungi. Chemical build-up of saponins are by no means uniform. Although all saponins are glucocides, they may vary from each other in their basic structure, namely in their aglycone content. Under this viewpoint, they are divided into stereoid, triterpene and stereoid alkaloid saponins.

Owing to the difficult purification and complex structure of pure saponins, the structures of a great number of these substances could not be established so far. Saponins with just one sugar chain, chiefly at C-3 of aglycone (mono-desmosides) exhibit pronounced saponin properties. These do not exist in many glucosides with 2 independent sugar chains (bi-desmosides), regardless of their surface activity. By separation of sugar, the bi-desmosides can easily be converted into mono-demosides with typical saponin properties. We therefore propose to define such glucosides with ubiquitary sugars and terpenoidal penta or tetracyclical aglycones as saponins that are of homolytical effect either by themselves or may be transferred into substances of hemolytical activity by hydrolysis. Hemolysis is an easily determinable property and therefore considered a substantial characteristic.

Saponins are widely spread in flora. Systematical examination of Central-Asian plants reveal that 1730 species out of 104 families contained even 627 triterpene and 127 stereoid saponins. In total, 79 (75.9%) of the families examined contained saponins. In view of this widespread occurence and the relatively high contents between 0.1% and 30% in plants and individual plant components respectively, saponins should be considered probably the most frequently occuring group of secondary plant ingredients.

Mostly, saponins exist in the form of complex mixtures of hardly separable, individual combinations within plants. These may vary both in their aglycone and sugar contents. The components of such a mixture may be so similar to each other that until now separating them has been impossible. For the same reason, checking of saponins for a certain quality standard is extraordinarily difficult. The result of this is that a good and reliable supply of saponins must inevitably be based on a great amount of trust between the saponin producer and its consumer.

QUILLAYA SAPONIN :

Among the saponins produced on a large industrial scale, quillaya saponin is the grade to be classified on the top rank in terms of quality, because of its purity and uniform standard. The raw material for production of quillaya saponin is the quillaya bark imported from Chile, also known as "soap bark", washing wood or Panama bark. The bark is derived by peeling the quillaya tree, quillaya saponariae, from the family of rosacees. In chemical terms, the saponins of the quillaya bark as far as known belong to the ^-12-oleanon type. Quillaya saponin is available in different degrees of purity. The Q-types described hereunder principally vary in their saponin contents.

In the USA the use of quillaya extract in food and beverages is permissible. It is registered under the F.E.M.A. No. 2937 and was tested by the FDA under No. 172.510 (GRAS LIST). In the United Kingdom the use of quillaya extract in food and beverages is permissible according to the Statutory Instruments 1975 No. 1486.

ROOT SAPONINS :

The root saponins also belong to the ^-12-oleanon type nearly exclusively, most of them representing triterpen carbonic acids. They are extracted from various species of soapwort roots or their mixtures e.g.

• Iranian Soapwort Root
• Levantine Soapwort Root (also referred to as Egyptian, Russian, Hungarian or White Soapwort Root).

Frequently used in earlier time for popular medicine, today for production of FILM MATERIAL and PHOTOSENSITIVE PAPERS as well as for foaming and adhesive agents in extinguishing foams.

APPLICATIONS FOR SAPONINS :

• Production of film and photographic papers.
• Production of (photo-sensitive) copying papers for reprographical industry.
• As surface-active substance.
• As surface-active chemical in cosmetic products, e.g. Shampoos, Liquid soaps, Toilet articles, Foam baths, Face packs etc.
• As foaming ingredient in tooth paste.
• For cleaning gold and silverware.
• For electroplating applications.
• As additive in dyestuffs and varnishes.
• As chemical in fire extinguishers.
• As foaming and flavouring agent in drinks (USA & UK).
• For emulsion of fats and oils in industrial and food applications.
• For pharmaceutical purposes.
• As a Laboratry chemical for measuring certain blood values.
• As a special cleaning agent for sensitive, high-value textiles.

Product List

Chemical Name	Applications in various Industry
Saponinum depuratum  levissimum Q	Production of Film Material and Photographical  Papers. Cosmetics industry for production of high quality shampoos counteracting the loss of hair, mainly for older male people.
Saponinum depuratum  levissimum Q - For the requirements of the DAB 9 (German Pharmacopoeia, 9th edition).according to DAB 9	Pharmaceutical & Cosmetic Industries.
Saponinum depuratum Q-C, Viscous fluid	Pharmaceutical & Cosmetic Industries.
Saponinum depuratum levissimum QA	Additives for Food or Drinks depending on country permission.
Saponinum depuratum levissimum QB	Additives for Food or Drinks depending on country permission.
Saponinum No. 374 (Technical Saponin)	For applications where 100% standard of quality is not an essential requirement. In general, these are triterpinoidic Saponins.
Saponinum No. 374 P (Technical Saponin)	For applications where 100% standard of quality is not an essential requirement. In general, these are triterpinoidic Saponins.
Saponin Type B	In some applications of Film & Photographic papers